Hipertrofia adenoamigdalar y alteraciones maxilofaciales en niños con trastornos respiratorios asociados al sueño / Adenoid Tonsillar Hypertrophy and Maxillofacial Alterations in Children with Sleep-Related Respiratory Disorders

Introducción: la asociación entre hipertrofia de la adenoides y de la amígdala, las alteraciones maxilofaciales y de la oclusión dentaria en los niños con trastornos respiratorios asociados al sueño es documentada ampliamente por varios autores. Para muchos se estable un círculo vicioso, donde la hipertrofia adenoamigdalar constituye el detonante para el resto de las alteraciones del víscero-cráneo y de la oclusión dentaria. Objetivo: caracterizar los escolares de Moa que roncan según grado de hipertrofia adeno-amigdalar, tipo de oclusión dentaria y severidad de las alteraciones maxilofaciales. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal en el periodo comprendido entre enero-julio de 2012. La muestra se conformó con 797 niños diagnosticados con trastornos respiratorios asociados al sueño. Para la operacionalización de las variables se utilizó el Score de Brouillette, la escala de Weir, el índice de Fujioka, la clasificación de Angle y el sistema de puntuación de Guilleminault. Resultados: el 34,51% de los pacientes tenían hipertrofia adenoamigdalar, en el 61,76% de los roncadores sintomáticos secundarios a hipertrofia adenoidea se observó aumento de volumen grado III y en el 56,52% de los secundarios a hipertrofia amigdalar el aumento de tamaño era grado IV. La oclusión dentaria clase III se observó en el 38,33% de los roncadores sintomáticos, mientras que el 12,50% tenían alteraciones severas del desarrollo maxilofacial. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los escolares de Moa, con trastornos respiratorios asociados al sueño tenían hipertrofia de las estructuras que forman el anillo linfoide de Waldeyer, principalmente hipertrofia adenoamigdalar. Los niños roncadores sintomáticos expresaron mayor grado de hipertrofia del adenoides, de amígdala o adenoamigdalar, así como, alteraciones del desarrollo maxilofacial más severas.

Introduction: the association between the adenoid hypertrophy, tonsillar hypertrophy maxillofacial alterations and the teeth occlusion, have been widely documented by several authors in children with sleep-disordered breathing. For most of them there is a vicious cycle established, where the adenoid-tonsillar hypertrophy constitutes the main item for the rest of the visceral-cranial alterations and the teeth occlusion. Objective: to characterize the snoring scholars of Moa according to the degree of the adenoidal-tonsillar hyperplasia, kina of teeth occlusion and severity of the maxillofacial alterations. Methods: a cross- sectional study from January to July 2012 was done. The sample comprised 797 children for sleep-disordered breathing. Store the Brouillette, Weir scale, Fujioka index, Angle classification, and Guilleminault punctuation were the variables used. Results: 34.51% of patients were diagnosed with adenoid tonsillar hyperplasia, 61.76% of the secondary symptomatic snorers to adenoid hyperplasia showed a volume increase of grade III and the 56.52% of the secondary to tonsillar hyperplasia showed a size increase of grade IV. The type II teeth occlusion was showed in 38.33% of the symptomatic snorers, while the 12.50% showed severe alterations of the maxillofacial development. Conclusions: most of the scholars in the city of Moa suffer from the structures forming the ring lymphoid of Waldeyer, mainly adenoid tonsillar hyperplasia. The symptomatic snoring children expressed greater grade of adenoid hyperplasia, tonsillar or adenoid tonsillar hyperplasia, as well as more severe alterations of the maxillofacial development.

Relationship between obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and inflammation in children / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy (intranasal corticosteroids combined with oral leukotriene receptor antagonist) in pediatric mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS),and analyze the relationship between OSAHS and inflammation factors.Methods Fifty patients with mild to moderate OSAHS,diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) during Jan.to Nov.2016,were enrolled in present study.The patients' medical history,data of special physical examination,paryngorhinoscopy,PSG and OSA-18 questionnaire were collected.Patients received the therapy of intranasal corticosteroids combined with oral leukotriene receptor antagonist for 12 weeks.Special physical examination,paryngorhinoscopy,PSG and OSA-18 questionnaire were reviewed and the data before and after treatment were compared.Results Of the 50 subjects,37 were with mild OSAHS and 13 with moderate OSAHS.A total of 19 cases (38％) were cured including 17 mild OSAHS and 2 moderate cases.Other 19 cases (38％) got therapeutic effect but not be cured.Twelve cases (24％) were invalid or aggravated.There were 10 patients (20％) who received surgical treatment after drug treatment.The average values of obstructive apnea index (OAI) and mixed apnea index (MAI) decreased significantly in mild group and only OAI decreased in moderate group.After treatment,the average volumes of adenoids and tonsils were significantly reduced in mild OSAHS children but not in moderate OSAHS children.The OSA-18 questionnaire score declined only in mild group.No obvious correlation existed between the change of tonsil volume and the parameters of PSG.Conclusion Anti-inflammatory therapy of intranasal corticosteroids combined with oral leukotriene receptor antagonist may obviously reduce the volumes of adenoids and tonsils,improve the PSG indexes and the life quality of OSAHS patients,especially for those children with mild OSAHS.